Abstract
Este artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar la competencia en el sector bancario mexicano por medio de dos enfoques: concentración y poder de mercado. Dentro de las medidas de concentración se emplean los índices de concentración y el índice Herfindahl-Hirschman. En el enfoque de poder de mercado se usan dos herramientas: el índice de Lerner y el estadístico H. Para calcular el índice de Lerner se utiliza un modelo de ecuaciones simultáneas el cual se estima con el método generalizado de momentos. Por otra parte para el cálculo del estadístico H se usa un panel de datos estimado en primeras diferencias y efectos fijos. Se emplea una muestra de 15 bancos para el caso del enfoque de poder de mercado y de 32 bancos para el enfoque de concentración; ambos enfoques se estudian dentro del período 2000-2012. Se observa que dentro del enfoque de concentración existe una disminución de los índices de concentración y por lo tanto un aumento en la competencia. El resultado alcanzado en el enfoque de poder de mercado para el índice de Lerner y el estadístico H es competencia monopolística.
Abstract
The objective of this work is to evaluate the competition in the Mexican banking sector through two approaches: market concentration and power. Concentration indices and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index are used within the concentration measures. Two tools are used in the market power approach: the Lerner index and the H-statistic. To calculate the Lerner index, a simultaneous equations model is used, which is estimated with the generalized method of moments. On the other hand, a data panel estimated in first differences and fixed effects is used for the calculation of the H-statistic. A sample of 15 banks is used for the case of the market power approach, and of 32 banks for the concentration approach; both approaches are studied within the 2000-2012 period. It can be observed that within the concentration approach there is a decrease in the concentration indices, and therefore an increase in competition. The result obtained in the power market approach for the Lerner index and H-statistic is monopolistic competition.
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